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Taking your son/daughter with an autism spectrum disorder to the dentist Taking your son/daughter on the autism spectrum to the dentist poses many challenges. This article hopes to make you aware of some of these challenges prior to your first visit, as well as provide some useful ways to deal with them. Included in this article are three main areas that are most often in need of attention:preparation, sensory issues and communication. Preparation When seeking a dentist, call the office and discuss your son/daughter’s needs. The more you know ahead of time about their practices and why they do them, the more comfortable you will be. Ask if they have experience with children who have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and if they have special procedures in order to optimize each visit. Ask about those procedures. Some procedures you might ask about are:accompanying your son/daughter in the room while doing the exam; having an appointment at a time of day when your son/daughter is at his/her best; having a short wait time; and having the same staff at each visit for consistency. If you’re not comfortable with the answers to your questions, consider another dentist. Some dentists may refuse to treat your son/daughter because they’re unsure how to make them comfortable. Is your son/daughter accustomed to daily tooth brushing? If not, consider working with an occupational therapist (OT) or an autism or behavioral professional to teach the child good oral hygiene habits. Use of visual routines and a timer are helpful for good daily brushing habits. Use their toothbrush or a plastic tooth mirror (available at local pharmacies) and get your child use to letting you put it in his/her mouth. Make a fun game out of counting their teeth. Vibration toys that are safe for oral use, or even electric toothbrushes, are also excellent for getting your child use to the strange sensations in their mouths. One of the most effective preparatory steps you can take is to create and read a social story about going to the dentist with your son/daughter. The social story should take the uncertainty out of what will happen at the dentist office.Be sure to highlight things that you think your child will like or be concerned about. A social narrative, “Going to the Dentist” is listed in the “Resource” section of this article. Another idea is to include an incentive/motivator for when the appointment is over. Does the dentist have a prize basket? Can you stop for a treat afterward? There are many good books about practicing good oral hygiene and going to the dentist that you can read with your child.A resource guide for helpful books is included at the end of this article. To get your son/daughter off to the right start with a dentist, schedule a few short “happy visits” to start off with. Keep these visits very positive and short. Let your son/daughter get use to the office environment; try out the chair; let the hygienist look in their mouth or count their teeth, and listen to the sound the drill makes. These may not all happen on the same visit. Use these visits to slowly desensitize your son/daughter to the experience, as well as discover what could potentially be difficult at future visits. Sensory Issues There are many potential sensory challenges at a dentist’s office – tastes, smells, textures, sounds, lights and proprioceptive. Knowing in what areas your son/daughter tends to be sensitive will help you know what coping strategies to try. Share your son/daughter’s coping strategies with the dental staff before the visit.Collaboration and teamwork are essential for a successful trip to the dentist. To be comfortable with the doctor’s chair, you may want to ask the hygienist to lean the chair back before your son/daughter gets in it, as sometimes they don’t like the feeling of being moved backwards. Also, try using a bean bag chair in the dentist’s chair during the exam to provide some snug comfort. Deep pressure can be used before and during the visit for calming. Consult your son/daughter’s classroom teacher or OT for suggestions. Wearing the x-ray vest may be similar to wearing a weighted vest. This can be discussed with the dental staff prior to the visit, too. Consider a heavy work task to be done before and after the visit for calming. Let your son/daughter stretch a therapy band in their hands, or even wrapped around their ankles while they are in the chair. Lighting in a dental office is often too strong for children with autism. Let them wear sunglasses and request that the staff try to keep the light out of their eyes as much as possible. Night time eye covers can be used, but will make it difficult for the staff to show your son/daughter what they are going to do. If the noises of the office are upsetting, request to be moved to a more quiet or private area. If not available, the use of headphones or an iPod/music player are good ways to limit noise. To ensure that tastes are familiar and favorable, bring your son/daughter’s own toothpaste and toothbrush to the visit. Communication For a child who may not be able to verbalize or recognize a problem, the accompanying feelings of anxiety and frustration can be overwhelming. The impact of these feelings on behavior can be significant. Having a dental professional who can communicate effectively will be very important. Below are some tips to improve communication at the dentist office. Tell/Show/Do. This is a shorthand way to explain to staff what they should do. First, Tell your son/daughter what they are going to do. Next, Show the tool or action they are going to use (let your son/daughter touch the tool, if possible). Then, Do only after they’ve done the other two. This verbal preparation and demonstration will help eliminate some uncertainty for your son/daughter and put them more at ease. * Modeling is very effective for some children. Bring along a sibling or friend and letyour son/daughter with ASD watch as the doctor or hygienist performs the task on them first. * Letting the child know ahead of time how long something is going to last can be very helpful.Instruct the staff to prompt the child with time durations as they work. Some examples:“This will be all done when we finish counting to 10.” “I need to touch 20 teeth… help me count them all.” “That gritty cleaner will only be there for 1 minute and then you can rinse and spit it out.” * Instruct the staff that your child responds best to immediate praise for good behavior. When your child does something they want, staff should not delay their praises. This will help your child make the connection between what he/she does and the consequences. Some examples:“Great job keeping your mouth open.” “I like how you are …” “You did great while I cleaned the front of your teeth, now I’m going to clean the back of them.” * Ignoring inappropriate behaviors is also something you’ll want to inform the staff about. Have them try to ignore inappropriate behaviors as much as they can. Maintaining a calm voice may help to minimize behavior problems. Other Issues There are some unique dental issues that you will want to discuss with your dentist, if they apply to your son/daughter. For those who engage in bruxism (grinding their teeth) or self-injurious behaviors (such as picking at the gums or biting their lip) a mouth guard might be recommended so long as it is tolerated by your son/daughter. Dentists should also review your child’s medications and/or supplements. They will then be able to advise whether medications are affecting saliva production or if they contain a lot of sugar, both of which will increase the chance of cavities. Seizures may accompany autism, and if your child has seizures you will need to discuss this with your dentist. The mouth is always at risk during a seizure; children may chip teeth or bite their tongue or cheeks. The dentist should be able to help you develop a treatment plan for these challenges. Be prepared to manage a seizure if one occurs during the dental visit. Instruct staff to remove any instruments from the mouth and clear the area around your child. A simple trick is to attach dental floss to rubber dam clamps or mouth props before putting them in so that you can remove them quickly if needed. Sedation is sometimes used with patients, usually in cases where the child has high levels of anxiety or discomfort that prevent good coping skills, for those with uncontrolled movements (including gagging), or for those requiring extensive dental treatment. Sedative medications cause most children to become relaxed and drowsy. Unlike general anesthesia, sedation is not intended to make a patient unconscious or unresponsive. You and your dentist should select a technique based on the specific needs of the child and discuss the benefits, limits and risks of that technique. Your son/daughter may be referred to a hospital for extensive procedures to be done under stronger sedation or general anesthesia. If you have any dietary or chemical restrictions that you are following for your child, be sure to make your dentist aware of these before the appointment begins. They need to know up front what your expectations are so that they can attempt to work within your guidelines. Conclusion Taking your son/daughter to the dentist presents challenges for both the parent/caregiver and the dental office staff. By working together, challenges and anxiety can be reduced.Using ideas presented in this article, the child with ASD may have a better understanding of what to expect when he/she visits the dentist for the first time and may have a greater chance of experiencing a successful dental visit. References American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (n.d.)Sedation. From http://www.aapd.org/publications/brochures/sedation.asp Bennie, M.(n.d.) Dental Dilemma.from Autism Today website:http://www.autismtoday.com/articles/DentalDilemma.htm DynaVox Mayer-Johnson, 2100 Wharton Street, Suite 400, Pittsburgh, PA 15203; Phone: 800-588-4548,Fax: 866-585-62620; Email: mayer-johnson.usa@mayer-johnson.com; Website: www.mayer-johnson.com Indiana State Department of Health, Sunny Start Initiative.(2009, April 20).Dental Care: Options to Access Dental Services.From: http://www.earlychildhoodmeetingplace.org/family.lasso?-token.corralexec... Mabry, C. et al. (2008) Special Care Dentistry for the General Practice Resident: Practical Training Modules [PowerPoint Slides].Retrieved from NYS Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities website:http://www.omr.state.ny.us/images/hp_dentistry_treatment.pdf Miller-Kuhaneck, H.(n.d.).Going to the Dentist.from the Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation website:http://www.spdfoundation.net/library/dentist.html National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health.(2009, July 14).Practical Oral Care for People With Autism.From http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/DevelopmentalDisabilities/Pra... Oakley, D.(2009, August 28).Autism and Dentistry: Dental Challenges for Families and Treating Dentists. The Autism News website:http://www.theautismnews.com/2009/08/28/autism-and-dentistry-dental-challenges-for-families-and-treating-dentists/ Courtesy of IRCA Read more: http://www.autismsupportnetwork.com/news/taking-your-sondaughter-autism-spectrum-disorder-dentist-22783922#ixzz1bxgguJNk Autism Support Network - Copyright © 2011 All Rights Reserved OLIM, LLC. Terms of Service | Contact Us Here

Use of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing

Modern pharmaceutical manufacturing techniques frequently rely upon biotechnology. Contents [hide] * 1 Human Insulin * 2 Human Growth Hormone * 3 Human Blood Clotting Factors * 4 Transgenic Farm Animals * 5 References [edit] Human Insulin Insulin crystals Amongst the earliest uses of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing is the use of recombinant DNA technology to modify Escherichia coli bacteria to produce human insulin, which was performed at Genentech in 1978.[1] Prior to the development of this technique, insulin was extracted from the pancreas glands of cattle, pigs, and other farm animals. While generally efficacious in the treatment of diabetes, animal-derived insulin is not indistinguishable from human insulin, and may therefore produce allergic reactions.[2] Genentech researchers produced artificial genes for each of the two protein chains that comprise the insulin molecule. The artificial genes were "then inserted... into plasmids... among a group of genes that"[1] are activated by lactose. Thus, the insulin-producing genes were also activated by lactose. The recombinant plasmids were inserted into Escherichia coli bacteria, which were "induced to produce 100,000 molecules of either chain A or chain B human insulin."[1] The two protein chains were then combined to produce insulin molecules. [edit] Human Growth Hormone Growth hormone Prior to the use of recombinant DNA technology to modify bacteria to produce human growth hormone, the hormone was manufactured by extraction from the pituitary glands of cadavers, as animal growth hormones have no therapeutic value in humans. Production of a single year's supply of human growth hormone required up to fifty pituitary glands[3], creating significant shortages of the hormone.[4] In 1979, scientists at Genentech produced human growth hormone by inserting DNA coding for human growth hormone into a plasmid that was implanted in escherichia coli bacteria. The gene that was inserted into the plasmid was created by reverse transcription of the mRNA found in pituitary glands to complementary DNA. HaeIII, a type of restriction enzyme which acts at restriction sites "in the 3' noncoding region"[5] and at the 23rd codon in complementary DNA for human growth hormone, was used to produce "a DNA fragment of 551 base pairs which includes coding sequences for amino acids 24–191 of HGH."[5] Then "a chemically synthesized DNA 'adaptor' fragment containing an ATG initiation codon..."[5] was produced with the codons for the first through 23rd amino acids in human growth hormone. The "two DNA fragments... [were] combined to form a synthetic-natural 'hybrid' gene."[5] The use of entirely synthetic methods of DNA production to produce a gene that would be translated to human growth hormone in escherichia coli would have been exceedingly laborious due to the significant length of the amino acid sequence in human growth hormone. However, if the cDNA reverse transcribed from the mRNA for human growth hormone were inserted directly into the plasmid inserted into the escherichia coli, the bacteria would translate regions of the gene that are not translated in humans, thereby producing a "pre-hormone containing an extra 26 amino acids"[5] which might be difficult to remove. [edit] Human Blood Clotting Factors Prior to the development and FDA approval of a means to produce human blood clotting factors using recombinant DNA technologies, human blood clotting factors were produced from donated blood that was inadequately screened for HIV. Thus, HIV infection posed a significant danger to patients with hemophilia who received human blood clotting factors: Most reports indicate that 60 to 80 percent of patients with hemophilia who were exposed to factor VIII concentrates between 1979 and 1984 are seropositive for HIV by [the] Western blot assay. As of May 1988, more than 659 patients with hemophilia had AIDS...[6] The first human blood clotting factor to be produced in significant quantities using recombinant DNA technology was Factor IX, which was produced using transgenic Chinese hamster ovary cells in 1986.[7] Lacking a map of the human genome, researchers obtained a known sequence of the RNA for Factor IX by examining the amino acids in Factor IX: Microsequencing of highly purified... [Factor IX] yielded sufficient amino acid sequence to construct oligonucleotide probes.[8] The known sequence of Factor IX RNA was then used to search for the gene coding for Factor IX in a library of the DNA found in the human liver, since it was known that blood clotting factors are produced by the human liver[8]: A unique oligonucleotide... homologous to Factor IX mRNA... was synthesized and labeled... The resultant probe was used to screen a human liver double-stranded cDNA library... Complete two-stranded DNA sequences of the... [relevant] cDNA... contained all of the coding sequence COOH-terminal of the eleventh codon (11) and the entire 3'-untranslated sequence.[7] This sequence of cDNA was used to find the remaining DNA sequences comprising the Factor IX gene by searching the DNA in the X chromosome: A genomic library from a human XXXX chromosome was prepared... and screen[ed] with a Factor IX cDNA probe. Hybridizing recombinant phage were isolated, plaque-purified, and the DNA isolated. Restriction mapping, Southern analysis, and DNA sequencing permitted identification of five recombinant phage-containing inserts which, when overlapped at common sequences, coded the entire 35kb Factor IX gene.[9] Plasmids containing the Factor IX gene, along with plasmids with a gene that codes for resistance to methotrexate, were inserted into Chinese hamster ovary cells via transfection. Transfection involves the insertion of DNA into a eukaryotic cell. Unlike the analogous process of transformation in bacteria, transfected DNA is not ordinarily integrated into the cell's genome, and is therefore not usually passed on to subsequent generations via cell division. Thus, in order to obtain a "stable" transfection, a gene which confers a significant survival advantage must also be transfected, causing the few cells that did integrate the transfected DNA into their genomes to increase their population as cells that did not integrate the DNA are eliminated. In the case of this study, "grow[th] in increasing concentrations of methotrexate"[10] promoted the survival of stably transfected cells, and diminished the survival of other cells. The Chinese hamster ovary cells that were stably transfected produced significant quantities of Factor IX, which was shown to have substantial coagulant properties, though of a lesser degree than Factor IX produced from human blood: The specific activity of the recombinant Factor IX was measured on the basis of direct measurement of the coagulant activity... The specific activity of recombinant Factor IX was 75 units/mg... compared to 150 units/mg measured for plasma-derived Factor IX...[11] In 1992, the FDA approved Factor VIII produced using transgenic Chinese hamster ovary cells, the first such blood clotting factor produced using recombinant DNA technology to be approved.[12] [edit] Transgenic Farm Animals A pig, transgenic generations of which might be used to produce blood substitutes for use in humans. Recombinant DNA techniques have also been employed to create transgenic farm animals that can produce pharmaceutical products for use in humans. For instance, pigs that produce human hemoglobin have been created. While blood from such pigs could not be employed directly for transfusion to humans, the hemoglobin could be refined and employed to manufacture a blood substitute.[13] [edit] References 1. ^ a b c "Human Insulin: Seizing the Golden Plasmid". Science News 114 (12): 195. 1978-09-16. doi:10.2307/3963132. 2. ^ Brar, Deepinder: "The History of Insulin" http://www.med.uni-giessen.de/itr/history/inshist.html, accessed June 14, 2006 3. ^ "Labs tie for human growth hormone". Science News 116 (2): 22. 1979-07-14. doi:10.2307/3964172. 4. ^ Walgate R (March 1981). "Pituitary slump". Nature 290 (5801): 6–7. doi:10.1038/290006b0. PMID 7207586. 5. ^ a b c d e Goeddel DV, Heyneker HL, Hozumi T, et al. (October 1979). "Direct expression in Escherichia coli of a DNA sequence coding for human growth hormone". Nature 281 (5732): 544–8. doi:10.1038/281544a0. PMID 386136. 6. ^ White GC, McMillan CW, Kingdon HS, Shoemaker CB (January 1989). "Use of recombinant antihemophilic factor in the treatment of two patients with classic hemophilia". N. Engl. J. Med. 320 (3): 166–70. doi:10.1056/NEJM198901193200307. PMID 2492083. 7. ^ a b Kaufman RJ, Wasley LC, Furie BC, Furie B, Shoemaker CB (July 1986). "Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant gamma-carboxylated factor IX synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (21): 9622–8. PMID 3733688. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3733688. 8. ^ a b Toole JJ, Knopf JL, Wozney JM, et al. (1984). "Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding human antihaemophilic factor". Nature 312 (5992): 342–7. doi:10.1038/312342a0. PMID 6438528. "page 343" 9. ^ Kaufman, pages 9622–3 10. ^ Kaufman, page 9623 11. ^ Kaufman, page 9626 12. ^ United States Food and Drug Administration: "The licensing of the first recombinant DNA-derived clotting factor", http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/NEW00312.html, accessed June 17, 2006 13. ^ O'Donnell JK, Martin MJ, Logan JS, Kumar R (1993). "Production of human hemoglobin in transgenic swine: an approach to a blood substitute". Cancer Detect. Prev. 17 (2): 307–12. PMID 8402717. # This page was last modified on 10 October 2011 at 00:12. # Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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Diseases and Treatments Information Tue, 2010-06-22 17:09 — Thiruvelan Earlier humans used to hunt for their living, so they undergo a lot of physical exercise. Now a day’s, life becomes more simple and easy. Everything we need is just a phone call away’. This keep-us away from physical exercises required to keep us healthy. Sedentary lifestyle Today's world is just sitting in front of the computer or television and no longer playing active games, walking or cycling as part of daily routine. All of us want to kick back and relax, but most of the time with the bed and TV remote control can cause severe health problems. This lifestyle is called as sedentary life. Risks of Sedentary lifestyle The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 60 - 85 % of the people in this world lead sedentary life. Also they cautions inactive lifestyle could be the most important causes of disability and death. This sedentary life calls for many diseases such as Diabetes, Cholesterol, Hypertensive Hypotension, Eye disorders, Sleep disorders and Depression. Named a few, the list is endless. Many studies confirm that about 85% of the most diseases could be prevented by avoiding sedentary life style. Also another study shows; sedentary lifestyle may make us older before time. Obesity By consuming more calories than required then that excess calories are stored as fat in the body that leads to Obesity. Also low physical activity leads to improper blood circulation causing many health problems. Obesity is caused due to unhealthy eating habits (mostly over eating and too much of calories than required) and not getting enough physical activity (sedentary lifestyle). Number of obese people in this world is increasing day by day. Obesity is considered to be the major risk factor for several diseases. Stop sedentary lifestyle Normally most of us come up with number of excuses for not doing any kind of physical exercise and try to find a reason. Don't search for reasons; instead be physically active; even walking for half an hour every day can greatly decrease the risk of having medical problems. Also helps to have healthy body weight, strong muscles, alleviate mental symptoms (stress, sadness and anxiety) and improves sleep quality. Share this Popular content User Login Username or e-mail: * Password: * * Create new account * Request new password Eye Problems Eye & Eye Problems Learn about Eye & Eye problem and how to manage it effectively. * Eye Anatomy, * Eye Vision/Sight, * Eye Myths & Facts, * Eye problems, * Natural Eye Correction, * Eye Exercise, * Relax Eye/Mind Strees. Sleep Disorders Sleep & Sleep disorders Learn about Sleep & Sleep disorder and how to manage it effectively. * Sleep Stages/Cycle, * Sleep Hygiene, * Insomnia, * Sleep Apnea, * Restless Legs Syndrome, * Narcolepsy, * Sleep Medication drugs, * Natural Sleep Aid. Natural Care Natural Alternative Medicine Learn about Natural Alternative Treatment and how to get benefited. * Ayurveda Medicine, * Homeopathic medicine, * Yoga therapy, * Acupressure, * Reflexology massage, * Seven chakras. Forum Forum Discussion FREE to Register & share/gain knowledge in the Forum discussions. * Diabetes Forum, * Cholesterol Forum, * High Pressure Forum, * Low Pressure Forum, * Eye Forum, * Sleep Forum, * Natural Treatments Forum. Copyright © 2011 Healthy-ojas.com. All rights reserved. About us | Contact us | Privacy Policy | Disclaimer | Advertisement Policy | Resources | Terms of use | Friends sites Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. This website is certified by Health On the Net Foundation. Click to verify. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Connect with Us Connect us facebook Fan with Us Connect us twitter Connect us You tube Connect us RSS feed

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About Us Future Students Current Students Research Units and Services News and Events For Staff Medical Sciences logo School of Medical Sciences Wallace Wurth Building UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 School Contacts F (02) 9385 2866See also: Student Enquiries Location Map Online Enquiry SoMS Photo Gallery Search Staff Latest News Programs & Courses * Undergraduate Programs - Science Course List & Course Outlines * Bachelor of Exercise Physiology * Neuroscience Training Program * Postgraduate Programs in Drug Development, Pharmaceutical Medicine & Biopharmaceuticals About Us * Anatomy * Body Donation Program * Pathology * Pharmacology * Physiology * Exercise Physiology What's On * All Upcoming SoMS Events or by Event Type - * ANS / AuPS 2010 Satellite Meetings * SoMS Lecture Series * Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology Seminar Series Research * Research * Rewarding Research Success Units and Services * Clinical Anatomy and Surgical Skills Unit (CASSU) * Museum of Human Disease * Histology and Microscopy Unit (HMU) * Lifestyle Clinic * Cancer Survivors Centre For Staff * SoMS New File Server new * Research@ UNSW Gateway * Blackboard FAQ * SoMS Wiki page * SiMS log in * Casual Teaching * SoMS Formal Meetings * Information for Conjoint Staff * Information for New Staff * Newsletter * OHS for SoMS * Medicine OHS website * SoMS Online Equipment Booking System * Wallace Wurth Redevelopment new UNSW Medicine > Privacy Policy > Copyright & Disclaimer > Accessibility > Online Enquiry School of Medical Sciences - UNSW - Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia | Tel: +61 (2) 9385 2531 Fax: +61 (2) 9385 2866 © Copyright 2005 UNSW Faculty of Medicine | CRICOS Provider Code: 00098G | Authorised by Head of School of Medical Sciences Page Last Updated: 16:06:36, Wednesday 21 September 2011 CONTACTS | SITEMAP Faculty of Medicine Home

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Medical Science News RSS Feed - Medical Science News Laser-based analysis method can detect optical pressure differences in blood cells U.S. Naval Research Laboratory researchers Dr. Sean J. Hart, Dr. Colin G. Hebert and Mr. Alex Terray have developed a laser-based analysis method that can detect optical pressure differences between populations or classes of blood cells that does not rely on prior knowledge, antibodies, or fluorescent labels for discrimination. [More] Scientists reprogram skin cells of patients with mental disorders into brain cells Scientists reprogram skin cells of patients with mental disorders into brain cells For many poorly understood mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or autism, scientists have wished they could uncover what goes wrong inside the brain before damage ensues. [More] ViaCord, TRT to offer access to MSC extraction and expansion technologies ViaCord, TRT to offer access to MSC extraction and expansion technologies PerkinElmer, Inc., a global leader focused on improving the health and safety of people and the environment, announced today that its family cord blood banking business, ViaCord®, will now offer families the ability to extract stem cells from the tissue surrounding the umbilical cord vessels, a very rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. [More] New insights into how adenovirus triggers an immune response New insights into how adenovirus triggers an immune response A Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine study could lead to improved gene therapies for conditions such as heart disease and cancer as well as more effective vaccines for tuberculosis, malaria and other diseases. [More] Smoking cigarettes affects lungs in a way that is very similar to cystic fibrosis Smoking cigarettes affects lungs in a way that is very similar to cystic fibrosis If you smoke cigarettes, you have more in common with someone who has cystic fibrosis than you think. A new research report appearing online in the FASEB Journal shows that smoking cigarettes affects the lungs in a way that is very similar to cystic fibrosis, a life threatening disease affecting the lungs and other organs. [More] Hospitalized patients with anemia may not always benefit from transfusion University of Kentucky researchers, including lead author Samy Selim of the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, have recently published a paper suggesting that transfusion may not always be the best treatment for hospitalized patients with anemia. [More] Study reveals new regulatory elements in human genome Study reveals new regulatory elements in human genome An international research team led by Kerstin Lindblad-Toh at the Broad Institute, US and Uppsala University, Sweden has mapped and compared the genomes of 29 mammals. The findings, published in Nature, reveal millions of new regulatory elements in the human genome that in various ways govern how proteins are formed. The new knowledge is important for our understanding of how mutations in human genes give rise to diseases. [More] U of U researchers receive NIH grant to uncover viral cause of MS U of U researchers receive NIH grant to uncover viral cause of MS A team of investigators from the University of Utah has received a two-year, $275,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to fund novel research that may help to uncover a viral cause for the most acute and severe form of multiple sclerosis. [More] SFDA approves China Medical Technologies' colorectal cancer assay SFDA approves China Medical Technologies' colorectal cancer assay China Medical Technologies, Inc., a leading China-based advanced in-vitro diagnostic company, today announced that China's State Food and Drug Administration has approved the Company's real-time PCR-based V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog assay as a companion diagnostic test for the use of a targeted drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. [More] Latest breakthroughs in lasers and optics to be discussed at 95th OSA meeting Latest breakthroughs in lasers and optics to be discussed at 95th OSA meeting Scientists and engineers from around the world will gather in the heart of Silicon Valley next week to discuss some of the latest breakthroughs in lasers and optics and their applications to cutting-edge science, the development of new materials, and medicine. [More] << Previous posts * News A to Z * Drugs A to Z * Health A to Z * Medical / Health Products * Medical / Health Services * Newsletters * News Archive * Talk Medical * Medical News Tweets * Information * Subscribe Other AZoNetwork Websites * AZoM.com * AZoNano.com * AZoOptics.com * AZoCleantech.com * AZoSensors.com * AZoRobotics.com * AZoMining.com * AZoBuild.com * AZoQuantum.com * News-Medical.Net

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Genetic Disease (cont.) Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. View Full Profile Medical Editor: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology. View Full Profile In this Article * What is a genetic disease? * What are the different types of inheritance? * Single gene inheritance * Multifactorial inheritance * Chromosome abnormalities * Mitochondrial inheritance * What is the human genome? * Genetic Disease Glossary * Genetic Disease Index Multifactorial inheritance Multifactorial inheritance, also called complex or polygenic inheritance. Multifactorial inheritance disorders are caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations in multiple genes. For example, different genes that influence breast cancer susceptibility have been found on chromosomes 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 22. Some common chronic diseases are multifactorial disorders. Examples of multifactorial inheritance include: * heart disease, * high blood pressure, * Alzheimer's disease, * arthritis, * diabetes, * cancer, and * obesity. Multifactorial inheritance also is associated with heritable traits such as fingerprint patterns, height, eye color, and skin color. Chromosome abnormalities Chromosomes, distinct structures made up of DNA and protein, are located in the nucleus of each cell. Because chromosomes are the carriers of the genetic material, abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can result in disease. Abnormalities in chromosomes typically occur due to a problem with cell division. For example, Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is a common disorder that occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21. There are many other chromosome abnormalities including: * Turner syndrome (45,X), * Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), and * cri du chat syndrome, or the "cry of the cat" syndrome (46, XX or XY, 5p-). Diseases may also occur because of chromosomal translocation in which portions of two chromosomes are exchanged. Next: Mitochondrial inheritance * Previous * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * Next * Genetic Disease Index * Glossary Patient Discussions - Viewers share their comments Genetic Disease - Symptoms The MedicineNet physician editors ask: What were the symptoms of your genetic disease? Submit Your Comment Genetic Disease - Screening The MedicineNet physician editors ask: How do you manage your genetic disease? Submit Your Comment MedicineNet Doctors Suggested Reading on Genetic Disease by Our Doctors * Related Diseases & Conditions 75 articles o High Blood Pressure + High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg -- a systolic pressure above 140 with a diastolic pressure above 90. There are two causes of high blood pressure, primary and secondary. Primary high blood pressure is much more common that secondary and its basic causes or underlying defects are not always known. It is known that a diet high in salt increases the risk for high blood pressure, as well as high cholesterol. Genetic factors are also a primary cause. Secondary high blood pressure is generally caused by another condition such as renal hypertension, tumors, and other conditions. Treatment for high blood pressure is generally lifestyle changes and if necessary, diet. More o Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) + Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. The two types of diabetes are referred to as type 1 (insulin dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent). Symptoms of diabetes include increased urine output, thirst, hunger, and fatigue. Treatment of diabetes depends on the type. More o Anemia + Anemia is the condition of having less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is, therefore, decreased. More o Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) + Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in a vein located deep in the muscles of the legs, thighs, pelvis (lower torso), or arms. The most common symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis are swelling and pain in the leg that has the blood clot. A DVT is difficult to diagnose without specific tests in which the deep vein system can be examined. More o Breast Cancer + Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer death in women in the U.S. Symptoms include a lump in the breast or underarm area, nipple pain, change in breast size or shape, an inverted nipple, nipple discharge, and breast skin changes. Treatment may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy, hormone therapy, or surgery. More o Cholesterol + Cholesterol is naturally produced by the body, and is a building block for cell membranes and hormones. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is the "bad" cholesterol, conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is the "good" cholesterol. High cholesterol treatment includes lifestyle changes (diet and exercise), and medications such as statins, bile acid resins, and fibric acid derivatives. More o Depression + Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts and affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. The principal types of depression are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disease (also called manic-depressive disease). More o Atopic Dermatitis + Eczema is a general term for many types dermatitis (skin inflammation). Atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema. Other types of eczema include: contact eczema, allergic contact eczema, seborrheic eczema, nummular eczema, stasis dermatitis, and. dyshidrotic eczema. More o Miscarriage + A miscarriage is any pregnancy that ends spontaneously before the fetus can survive. Miscarriage usually occurs before the 13th week of pregnancy. The cause of a miscarriage cannot always be determined. The most common causes of a miscarriage in the first trimester are collagen vascular disease (lupus), hormonal problems, diabetes, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital abnormalities of the uterus. More o Parkinson's Disease + Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive neurologic disease characterized by a fixed inexpressive face, a tremor at rest, slowing of voluntary movements, a gait with short accelerating steps, peculiar posture and muscle weakness, caused by degeneration of an area of the brain called the basal ganglia, and by low production of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Most patients are over 50, but at least 10 percent are under 40. More o Allergy + An allergy refers to a misguided reaction by our immune system in response to bodily contact with certain foreign substances. When these allergens come in contact with the body, it causes the immune system to develop an allergic reaction in people who are allergic to it. It is estimated that 50 million North Americans are affected by allergic conditions. The parts of the body that are prone to react to allergies include the eyes, nose, lungs, skin, and stomach. Common allergic disorders include hay fever, asthma, allergic eyes, allergic eczema, hives, and allergic shock. More o Bipolar Disorder + Bipolar disorder (or manic depression) is a mental illness characterized by depression, mania, and severe mood swings. Treatment may incorporate mood stabilizer medications, antidepressants, and psychotherapy. More o Down Syndrome + Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that results in the presence of an additional third chromosome 21, also referred to as trisomy 21. Most individuals with Down syndrome have widely recognizable physical characteristics. The severity of Down syndrome ranges from mild to severe. Diagnostic testing for Down syndrome include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and percutaneous umbilical cord sampling. The most common risk factor for Down syndrome is a woman's age. More o Pernicious Anemia + Pernicious anemia is a blood disorder in which the body does not make enough red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B12 in the blood. Pernicious anemia can develop from a lack of a protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12, not getting enough B12 in the diet, and certain intestinal conditions that interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12 such as Crohn's disease, celiac sprue, or ulcerative colitis. There is no cure for pernicious anemia, thus treatment is life-long. More o Hydrocephalus + Hydrocephalus is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. The fluid is often under increased pressure and can compress and damage the brain. Symptoms of hydrocephalus vary with age, progression of the disease, and individual tolerance to the condition. Hydrocephalus is most often treated by surgery in which a shunt system is inserted. More o Huntington's Disease + Huntington's disease is the result of degeneration of neurons in areas of the brain. Huntington's disease is an inherited disorder. Early symptoms include mood swings, apathy, depression, and anger uncharacteristic of the individual. Judgement, memory, and other cognitive functions may become impaired. Presymptomatic testing is available for individuals who have a family history of Huntington's disease. Treatment includes medication and therapy for symptoms. More o Marfan Syndrome + Marfan syndrome is hereditary condition affecting connective tissue. A person with Marfan syndrome may exhibit the following symptoms and characteristics: dislocation of one or both lenses of the eye; a protruding or indented breastbone; scoliosis; flat feet; aortic dilatation; dural ectasia; stretch marks; hernia; and lung collapse. Though there is no cure for Marfan syndrome, there are treatments that can minimize and sometimes prevent some complications. More o Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia) + Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease), a blood disease which shortens life expectancy, is cause by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin. Symptoms may include bacterial infections, painful swelling of the hands and feet, fever, leg ulcers, fatigue, anemia, eye damage, and lung and heart injury. Treatment for sickle cell anemia aims to manage and prevent the worst manifestations of the disease and focuses on therapies that block red blood cells from stacking together, which can lead to tissue and organ damage and pain. More o Cystic Fibrosis + Cystic fibrosis is a disease of the mucus and sweat glands. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. The outcome of the disease leaves the body malnourished, bulky and fouls smelling stools, vitamin insufficiency, gas, painful or swollen abdomen, infertility, susceptible to heat emergencies, and respiratory failure. There is no cure for cystic fibrosis, treatment of symptoms is used to manage the disease. More o Learning Disabilities + Learning disabilities can cause an individual to have trouble learning and using skills such as reading, listening, writing, reading, speaking, reasoning, and performing mathematics. There is no cure for learning disabilities. Parents and teachers working together to properly diagnose learning disabilities can properly plan a course of education. For some, medication may be appropriate as complimentary treatment. More o Fragile X Syndrome + Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited form of mental retardation. It's caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. People with Fragile X syndrome suffer from physical, social, emotional, speech, language, sensory, intelligence, and learning impairments. There is no definitive treatment for Fragile X, though there are ways to minimize the symptoms. More o Connective Tissue Disease + Connective tissue disease is when the body's connective tissues come under attack, possibly becoming injured by inflammation. Inherited connective tissue diseases include Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, polymositis, and dermatomyositis are examples of connective tissue diseases that have no known cause. More o Tourette Syndrome + Tourette syndrome is disorder, which symptoms include involuntary facial tics, motor tics, and vocal tics. The cause of Tourette syndrome is not known. ADHD is associated with Tourette syndrome. Treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, and in severe cases surgery. More o Cerebral Palsy + Cerebral palsy (CP) is an abnormality of motor function and postural tone acquired at an early age (even before birth). Cerebral palsy is generally caused by brain trauma. Types of cerebral palsy include: spastic, choreoathetoid, and hypotonic. There is no cure for cerebral palsy, and treatment is generally managing the symptoms of the condition. More o Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome + Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are genetic disorders that include symptoms such as loose joints, tissue weakness, easy bruising, and skin that stretches easily. There are seven types of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: Classical type, Hypermobility type, Vascular type, Kyphoscoliosis type, Arthrochalsia type, Dermatosparaxis type, and Tenascin-X Deficient type. Treatment for Ehlers-Danlos syndromes depends on which symptoms are present. More o Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome + Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a condition in which abnormal electrical pathways in the heart cause arrhythmias. Symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome include tachycardia, dizziness, palpitations, fainting, and shortness of breath. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a common cause of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is caused by mutations in the PRKAG2 gene. More o Turner Syndrome + Turner syndrome is an inherited chromosomal condition affecting women. Women with Turner syndrome do not have ovarian function, and features of the syndrome include webbed neck, lymphedema of the hands and feet, heart defects, kidney problems, and skeletal abnormalities. The X chromosome is related to Turner syndrome. Treatment focuses on the symptoms of the syndrome. More o Beta Thalassemia + Beta Thalassemia is the most familiar type of thalassemia. Thalassemia is not just one disease but rather a complex series of genetic (inherited) disorders all of which involve underproduction of hemoglobin. More o Polycystic Kidney Disease + Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by numerous cysts in the kidneys. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder. There are two major inherited forms of PKD, autosomal dominant PKD, and autosomal recessive PKD. Symptoms include headaches, urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, liver and pancreatic cysts, abnormal heart valves, high blood pressure, kidney stones, aneurysms, and diverticulosis. Diagnosis of PKD is generally with ultrasound, CT or MRI scan. There is no cure for PKD, so treatment of symptoms is usually the general protocol. More o See All Related Diseases & Conditions » * Medications 2 articles * Procedures & Tests 3 articles * Pictures, Images & Illustrations 5 articles * Doctor's & Expert's Views 5 articles * Health News 9 articles * Health Features 6 articles Privacy Policy Women's Health Find out what women really need. 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Genetic testing for diseases, medications, traits & talents and ancestry personalised genetic analysis for 549 dollars ORDER your personal genetic test GenePlanet genetic testing service starts with us sending you a saliva collector by mail. In the laboratory we extract your genetic material which is used to perform the analysis. As a result you will find out to which diseases you are susceptible, what effect do certain medications have on you, what are your talents and special abilities, as well as who are your ancestors. Your personal genetic testing is now available at 549$ / 399€ (postage costs are not included in the price). A list of diseases, talents and medications, tested by GenePlanet Genetic testing for disease susceptibility ARMD Alzheimer`s disease Ankylosing spondylitis Asthma Coronary artery disease Atrial fibrillation Bipolar disorder Breast cancer Celiac disease Crohn`s disease Depression Dyslexia Endometrial cancer Gallstones Hypertension Long QT interval Lung cancer Multiple sclerosis Peripheral arterial disease Prostate cancer Psoriasis Restless leg syndrom Rheumatoid arthritis Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Genetic testing for medicament response Beta blockers and heart Beta blockers and tension Efficacy of Aspirin Headache and triptans Statins against heart attack The effect of antidepressants The secret of Viagra Warfarin efficacy Genetic testing for traits and talents Alcohol flush reaction Avoidance of errors Birth weight Bitter taste perception Caffeine metabolism Earwax type Effect of breastfeeding on IQ Episodic memory performance Eye colour Fat intake and BMI Freckles HDL cholesterol level Lactose intolerance Malaria resistance Measures of intelligence Memory of older people Muscle explosiveness Norovirus resistance Odour detection Pain sensitivity Skin colour Nicotine dependence With Geneplanet genetic testing, you can reveal what is written in your genes, it helps you understand the effect of genes on your life and advises how to make the most of your genetic advantages. Who can benefit the most from genetic testing * People, whose family members have had a particular disease in the past, * People, who take the medications regularly, * Athletes who'd like to adjust their training to their hereditary record, * Everybody, whomever is curious and wants to know about their risks, traits and talents, as well as discover where their ancestors came from. More > Who are your ancestors? Among other information, your genome can tell an interesting story about your ancestors. Using the findings of research studies that followed the deciphering of the human genome and based on the results of your analysis we can tell you to what race you belong, the geographic location of your ancestry and the origins of your grandfathers. Ancestry determined by genetic analysis - GenePlanet More > Coffee sunscreen could slow skin cancer Is coffee good for skin Applying caffeine to the skin in sunny weather may protect against types of skin cancer More ... List of articles Follow us on link to facebook personal genetic testing profile link to twitter personal genetic testing page Rss feed Bookmark and Share * Home - Geneplanet.com Your personal DNA analysis Why order your DNA analysis What you can learn from DNA analysis Who can benefit most from genetic testing * The ABC's of genetic analysis Basics of genetic testing Glossary of genetic terms Scientific confidence Interesting genetic facts * Our services How genetic testing works The process of genetic testing Advantages of genetic testing Special attention Gift coupons for DNA tests * About Geneplanet Our values Expert council Company's ID The team's genetic analysis News * Terms and conditions * Privacy statement * FAQ * Contact * Authors © 2008-2011 Geneplanet. All rights reserved. Gene Planet Limited Upper Pembroke Street 28, Dublin, Ireland.

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Respiratory System Lesson Plans Find teacher approved respiratory system lesson plan ideas and activities. Lesson Plans » Science » Life sciences » Anatomy » Human anatomy » Respiratory system * Alveoli * Bronchile Tubes * Diaphragm * Hemoglobin * Larynx * Lungs * Nasal Passages * Pharynx * Trachea 267 Respiratory System Lesson Plans * 60 Respiratory System Worksheets Showing 1 - 10 of 267 * Grade: Select Grade * Rating: 3+ [PDF] Respiratory system Magnifying-glass 275 Views 3rd - 5th Grade 4.5/5. In this lesson students research selected Internet sites to become familiar with the parts and functions of the respiratory system. In this respiratory system lesson, students answer discussion questions about the respiratory system. In this lesson students participate in respiratory system activities including a board game and relay toss. Respiratory System Magnifying-glass 185 Views 5th - 7th Grade 4.5/5. Students examine the human respiratory system through an interactive online activity. In this respiratory system lesson, learners label the various parts of the respiratory system by clicking and dragging the names to the appropriate places on the diagram. How to Make a Model of the Human Respiratory System Magnifying-glass 315 Views 4th - 6th Grade 4.0/5. Students label parts of the human respiratory system on a diagram. They explain the function of diaphragm. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Magnifying-glass 88 Views 8th Grade 4.0/5. 8th graders are able to write a paragraph describing each system based on the information retrieved in class. They trace a route from Holly Springs, MS to Greenwood using the maps that they were given. 8th graders discuss the role of the circulatory system in the body and the role of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to the body by breathing in air and getting rid of carbon dioxide. Detectives Magnifying-glass 267 Views 9th - 12th Grade 5.0/5. Students research the respiratory system and the diseases that affect it. They construct a model of a pair of working lungs and develop an experiment that will decrease lung inflation.in addition, they create a portfolio of their findings. CO2 Blow Out! Magnifying-glass 197 Views 5th Grade 5.0/5. Learners view a video on the basics of the respiratory system. As a class, they discuss the role of carbon dioxide and oxygen during respiration. They label and identify the organs of the system and calculate the air capacity of the lungs. The Respiratory System Magnifying-glass 92 Views 3rd Grade 3.0/5. 3rd graders explore the components of the respiratory system. In this respiratory lesson, 3rd graders watch a video and participate in a classroom demonstration on the respiratory system. 3rd graders label the parts of the respiratory system and explore how oxygen travels throughout the human body. The Respiratory System Magnifying-glass 581 Views 6th - 12th Grade 3.0/5. Students investigate the respiratory system and how it functions in the human body. They view a PowerPoint presentation that focuses upon structure and function of it. They also create a model of the respiratory system and conduct necessary research. A Breath of Fresh Air Magnifying-glass 130 Views 5th Grade 5.0/5. 5th graders explore the respiratory system. In this human biology lesson, 5th graders visit the "BodyQuest" website to identify the pathway of a breath of air. 5th graders create a pie chart comparing the contents of inhaled air versus exhaled air. 5th graders create a model of a respiratory system by using balloons and a cup. [PDF] Teacher's Guide: Asthma (PreK to 2) Magnifying-glass 98 Views Pre-K - 2nd Grade 5.0/5. In this lesson students explore asthma. In this respiratory system and asthma lesson, students identify the body parts related to the respiratory system and explain each part's function. In this lesson students construct a 3-D replica of the respiratory system using a variety of pastas. In this lesson students discuss environmental factors that "trigger" asthma and other respiratory diseases. Related Searches * Human Body * Body Systems * Circulatory System * Health * Digestive System * Breathing * Heart * Oxygen * Respiratory * Respiration 0 Featured Testimonial Nidal D Name: Nidal D Location: Newborn, GA Date: 03-28-11 “Lesson Planet helps in preparing interesting lessons every week.” This Week's Testimonials | Submit Join us on Facebook « Previous 1 … 27 Next » * Contact Us * About Us * FAQ * Terms of Use * Links Disclaimer * Privacy Policy * Review Guidelines * Site License © 1999-2011 Education Planet. All rights reserved.

Perkecil Risiko Kanker Payudara di Usia 40-an

PAYUDARA merupakan daya tarik seksual seorang perempuan. Bila perempuan memiliki payudara seksi dan indah, tentunya mereka akan bangga. Maka itu, penting sekali untuk merawat keindahan payudara.

USIA bukanlah halangan untuk tetap menjaga kesehatan, terutama bila sudah tak muda lagi. Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, berbagai penyakit pun bisa menghampiri. Bagi kaum hawa yang telah berusia 40-an, berikut beberapa tindakan pencegahan yang patut dilakukan untuk memperkecil risiko kanker payudara:

1. Jalani skrining payudara
Studi menunjukkan mammogram terbukti mengurangi jumlah kematian akibat kanker payudara. "Secara umum, ketika tumor terdeteksi meski baru 1 cm atau kurang dan langsung dilakukan pembedahan, potensi kelangsungan hidup pun akan lebih besar bahkan bisa sembuh," kata ahli radiologi dan spesialis pencitraan payudara Robert Lapidus MD. Meskipun mamografi tetap merupakan standar utama skrining payudara, ada teknik lain seperti MRI dan USG payudara yang dapat membantu mendeteksi tumor pada tahap awal. National Cancer Institute merekomendasikan perempuan usia 40 tahun lebih harus menjalani mammogram setiap satu atau dua tahun.

2. Perhatikan lingkar pinggang
Jika enggan untuk melakukannya demi tubuh ramping, lakukan demi kesehatan. Menumpuk lemak terutama di pinggang meningkatkan kemungkinan Anda terkena kanker payudara. "Pada perempuan menopause, karena ovarium tidak lagi membuat estrogen, mayoritas estrogen diproduksi dalam jaringan lemak," jelas Dr Visvanathan. "Itu berarti orang dengan lemak tubuh yang banyak memiliki lebih banyak estrogen dalam tubuh mereka sehingga memiliki risiko kanker payudara lebih besar pula."

3. Batasi lemak
Mengurangi asupan lemak hingga 20 persen dari kalori membantu mengatur insulin dan hormon lain yang dapat mendorong pertumbuhan tumor, menurut Nutrisi Studi Intervensi Perempuan. Hal itu didapat melalui percobaan klinis dari hampir 2.500 perempuan pada usia 48-79 tahun yang mengidap kanker payudara tahap awal. Risiko kekambuhan pun menjadi 24 persen lebih rendah pada mereka yang mengontrol asupan lemak. (Pri/OL-06)

• Lakukan SADARI, Hindari Kanker Payudara
• Cara Cegah Kanker Payudara
• Empat Cara Jaga Kesehatan Payudara

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